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ENGINEER  DEPARTMENT,  U.  S.  ARMY. 

iKAFHICAL  AND/GEOLOGICAOXPLORATION8  AND^feuRVEYS  WEST 
OF  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH- MERIDIAfiJ 

FIRST  LIEUT.  GEO.  M.  WHEELER,  CORPS  OF  EX<;IXKEIJS,  IN  CHAKC.K. 


PRELIMINARY    REPORT 


INVERTEBRATE  FOSSILS 


COLLECTED   BY 


THE  EXPEDITIONS  OF  1M1.  1872,  AXD  1873, 


WITH 


DESCRIPTIONS   OF   NEW   SPECIES 


C.  A.  WHITE,  M.  D. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT     PRINTING     OFFICE. 

December,  1874. 


ENGINEER  DEPARTMENT,  U.  S.  ARMY. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  AND  GEOLOGICAL  EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST 
OF  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  MERIDIAN^ 

FIRST  LIEUT.  GEO.  M.  WHEELER,  CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS,  IN  CHARGE. 


PRELIMINARY   REPORT 


UPON 


INVERTEBRATE  FOSSILS 


COLLECTED  BY 


THE  EXPEDITIONS  OF  1871,  1872,  AND  1873, 


WITH 


DESCRIPTIONS   OF  NEW  SPECIES 


C.  A.  WHITE,  M.  D, 


WASHIKGTO^: 
GOVERNMENT    FEINTING    OFFICE. 

1874. 


Documents  Dept, 


O 


F 

03S 

DOCUMENTS 
OSPT. 


BRUNSWICK,  ME.,  November  26, 1874. 

Sra :  I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  herewith  a  preliminary  report  upon 
a  part  of  the  collection  of  invertebrate  fossils  made  by  the  expedition 
under  your  command;  and,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  nearly  all  the  species 
therein  noted  are  new,  I  would  respectfully  suggest  that  it  be  published 
at  as  early  a  date  as  possible,  in  order  that  the  expedition  may  receive 
due  credit  for  priority  of  discovery  in  this  most  interesting  branch  of 
paleontology. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

C.  A.  WHITE. 
Lieut.  GEORGE  M.  WHEELER, 

Carps  of  Engineers. 


[INDORSEMENTS.] 

UNITED  STATES  ENGINEER  OFFICE, 

EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST  OF  THE  100TH  MERIDIAN, 

Washington,  D.  C.,  December  7, 1874. 

Respectfully  forwarded  to  the  Chief  of  Engineers,  with  recommenda- 
tion that  the  preliminary  report  upon  invertebrate  fossils  herewith  be 
published  at  the  Congressional  Printing-Office,  at  the  earliest  practicable 
moment,  for  the  reason  stated  by  Dr.  White. 

GEO.  M.  WHEELER, 
Lieutenant  of  Engineers,  in  charge. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  ENGINEERS, 

Washington,  December  12, 1874. 

Respectfully  submitted  to  the  Honorable  Secretary  of  War,  with  the 
recommendation  that  the  report  be  printed  at  the  Government  Printing- 
Office,  and  that  1,500  copies  be  furnished  on  requisition  from  this  Office. 

A.  A.  HUMPHREYS, 
Brigadier-General  and  Chief  of  Engineers. 

Approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War: 

H.  T.  CROSBY, 

Chief  Cleric. 
DECEMBER  15, 1874. 


720 


PRELIMINARY  EEPOET  UPON  THE  INVERTEBRATE  AND 
OTHER  FOSSILS:  WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SPECIES 
COLLECTED  BY  THE  EXPEDITION  FOR  GEOGRAPHICAL 
AND  GEOLOGICAL  EXPLORATIONS  AND  SURVEYS  WEST 
OF  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  MERIDIAN;  LIEUT.  GEORGE 
M.  WHEELER,  CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS,  UNITED  STATES 
ARMY,  IN  CHARGE. 


BY  C.  A.  WHITE,  M.  D. 


-     '  LOWER  SILURIAN. 

PRIMORDIAL  PERIOD.* f 

PLANTS. 
Geuus  CRUZIANA  d'Orbigny. 

CRTJZIANA  LINNARRSOXI  (sp.  nov.) — Body  not  much  flattened,  oblong 
or  snbelliptical  in  outline,  but  narrowed  and  more  or  less  pointed  at  the 
ends,  one  of  which  is  more  acutely  pointed  than  the  other.  Median 
furrow  extending  the  whole  length  of  the  body,  the  greater  part  of  it 
being  moderately  deep  and  distinct ;  surface  showing  few  or  no  trans- 
verse rugae,  but  upon  the  more  pointed  end  of  some  of  the  specimens 
there  is  a  secondary  furrow  upon  each  side  of  the  median  furrow ;  these 
extend  to  the  point  where  they  join  the  median  furrow,  but  disappear 
in  the  other  direction  before  reaching  the  middle  of  the  body.  Stipe 
rather  small,  attached  about  mid-length  in  the  bottom  of  the  median 
furrow,  but  it  is  not  usually  seen  attached,  having  been  lost  or  destroyed. 

Length  of  body,  from  two  and  a  half  to  seven  and  a  half  centimeters. 

It  is  thought  possible  that  the  specimens  of  this  species  may  have 
been  denuded  of  rugae  before  they  became  imbedded,  because  some  of 
the  slabs  upon  which  the  specimens  are  found  are  strewn  with  small 
bodies  that  resemble  detached  ruga3  ;  on  the  other  hand,  this  seems 
improbable,  because  some  of  these  slabs  are  found  to  contain  both  C. 
Linnarrsoni  and  the  following  species,  the  former  being  nude  as  usual, 
and  the  latter  having  their  abundant  rugae  in  place. 

Position  and  locality. — Tonto  Shale,  Grand  Canon  of  the  Colorado 
River,  Mohave  County,  Arizona  Territory. 

CRUZIANA  RUSTICA  (sp.  nov.} — Body  more  or  less  elongated,  flattened, 
more  or  less  distinctly  bilobed,  the  ends  being  blunt  $  median  furrow 
extending  the  whole  length  of  the  body,  comparatively  shallow  and 
uniform  throughout.  Transverse  rugae  numerous,  distinct,  extending 
from  the  sides  to  the  middle  of  the  median  furrow,  and  arching  slightly 
as  they  cross  the  lobes. 

*  The  nomenclature  of  the  geological  periods  adopted  in  this  paper  is  that  of  Dana's  New 
Manual  of  Geology,  1874. 

1 1  am  unde'r  obligations  to  Professor  Joseph  Henry,  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  for  the  free  use  of  all  the  facilities  possessed  by  it  to  aid  me  in  my  inves- 
tigations.— C.  A.  W. 


Length  of  the  body  in  proportion  with  the  width  variable ;  in  some 
specimens  (perhaps  broken  ones)  the  length  and  width  being  about 
equal,  while  in  others  the  length  is  two  or  three  times  as  great  as  the 
width.  The  width,  in  different  specimens,  varies  from  three  and  a 
half  to  upward  of  four  centimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Same  as  the  last. 

BEACHIOPODA. 
Genus  ACROTRETA  Kutorga. 

ACROTRETA?  SUBSIDUA  (sp.  nov.} — Shell  thin,  corneous,  discoid,  sub- 
circular  or  slightly  suboval  in  outline,  the  transverse  diameter  being  a 
trifle  greater  than  the  longitudinal ;  sides  regularly  and  front  broadly 
rounded ;  posterior  margin  slightly  straightened,  forming  a  compara- 
tively short,  slightly  convex,  or  nearly  straight  hinge-line.  Dorsal  valve 
nearly  flat;  beak  marginal,  not  prominent.  Interior  with  a  slightly-raised 
median  ridge,  beginning  beneath  the  beak,  and  extending  to  about  the 
middle  of  the  valve,  where  it  disappears;  impressions  of  the  posterior 
adductor  muscles  small  and  placed  nearly  beneath  the  beak,  one  on  each 
side  of  the  median  ridge  ;  between  these  muscular  impressions  and  the 
posterior  margin  there  is,  at  each  side,  an  obscure  diverging  ridge  or 
fold. 

Yentral  valve  moderately  convex  in  the  umbonal  region,  but  more 
flattened  anteriorly ;  apex  excentric,  somewhat  prominent  and  minutely 
perforate;  adductor  impressions  small  and  placed  in  the  apex  close  to 
the  foramen,  one  at  each  side  of  it.  One  of  the  specimens  shows  a  slight 
flattening  of  the  triangular  space  between  the  apex  and  the  hinge-line, 
which  appears  like  an  indistinctly-defined  cardinal  area. 

This  shell  differs  so  widely  in  shape  from  the  typical  forms  of  Acro- 
treta,  although  it  seems  to  possess  its  other  essential  characteristics, 
that  I  have  referred  it  only  provisionally  to  that  genus. 

Length  of  the  largest  specimen,  six  millimeters ;  width,  seven  mil- 
limeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  probably  of  the  epoch  of  the  Potsdam 
Sandstone,  Antelope  Spring,  House  range,  Utah. 

Genus  TREMATIS  Sharpe. 

TREMATIS  PANNULUS  (sp.  nov.} — Shell  small,  subcircular ;  ventral  valve 
moderately  convex ;  apex  prominent,  excentric ;  surface  marked  by  a 
very  fine  net-work  of  oblique,  raised  lines,  dividing  ib  up  into  minute 
four-sided  pore-like  pits,  which  cause  it  to  resemble,  under  a  lens,  finely- 
woven  cloth. 

Diameter  of  the  valve,  about  three  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality.— Shales  of  the  Potsdam  epoch,  Pioche,  Nevada 

PTEROPODA. 
Genus  HYOLITHES  Eichwald. 

HYOLITHES  PRIMORDIALIS  Hall  ?— The  collection  contains  specimens 
of  a  Hyolithes  from  the  shales  of  the  Potsdam  epoch  at  Pioche,  Nev.,  that 
seem  to  differ  too  little  from  H.  primordialis  Hall,  from  the  strata  of  the 
same  epoch  in  Wisconsin,  to  warrant  a  full  specific  separation  from  it. 


CEUSTACEA. 

Genus  AaNOSTUS  Brongniart. 

AONOSTUS  INTERSTRICTA  (sp.  nov.)— Head  and  pygidium  of  almost 
exactly  equal  size  and  shape,  and  otherwise  closely  resembling  each 
other/  Head  a  trifle  broader  than  long,  regularly  rounded  in  front ; 
sides  at  the  postero  lateral  regions  subparallel ;  postero-lateral  angles 
truncated;  the  whole  exterior  margin,  including  the  truncated  por- 
tions just  named,  provided  with  a  narrow,  raised  rim,  forming  a  nar- 
row, linear  depression  between  it  and  those  portions  of  the  head  which 
it  incloses ;  space  between  this  linear  depression  or  furrow  and  the 
glabella  a  little  wider  posteriorly  than  it  is  in  front,  convex,  the  surface 
apparently  smooth.  Glabella  conical,  widest  posteriorly,  moderately 
convex  ;  sides  nearly  straight,  well  denned  by  the  dorsal  furrows,  sharply 
rounded  in  front,  a  minute  tubercle  on  the  median  line  near  the  back 
end,  and  a  shallow  furrow  extending  across  near  the  front  end. 

Thorax  narrower  than  the  head  and  pygidium,  giving  the  body  the 
appearance  of  being  constricted  at  the  middle  ;  axial  lobe  broad,  both 
its  segments  tumid  at  the  ends  where  they  reach  the  dorsal  furrows ; 
lateral  lobes  very  narrow,  pleurae  about  as  wide  as  long,  each  pleura 
tumid  and  rounded  at  its  exterior  end. 

Pygidium  with  its  outline  like  that  of  the  head,  and  provided  also 
with  a  similar  raised  marginal  rim  and  furrow ;  axial  lobe  a  little 
longer  than  the  glabella,  and  consequently  reaches  a  little  nearer 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  pygidium.  than  the  glabella  does  to  the 
anterior  margin  of  the  head,  moderately  convex ;  sides  curving  a  little 
outward,  provided  with  a  minute  tubercle  on  the  median  line  near  the 
anterior  end,  corresponding  with  the  one  on  the  glabella;  space  between 
the  dorsal  furrows  and  the  marginal  furrow  convex,  apparently  smooth. 
Upon  the  outer  edge  of  the  border  of  the  pygidium,  on  each  side,  a  lit- 
tle nearer  to  the  axial  extremity  than  to  the  autero-lateral  angles,  there 
is  a  minute  protuberance  suggestive  of  an  incipient  spine. 

Length  of  body,  eight  millimeters ;  width  of  head,  five  millimeters ; 
width  of  pygidium,  same  as  head. 

Position  and  locality. — Shales  of  the  Primordial  period  at  Antelope 
Spring,  House  range,  Utah. 

Genus  OLENELLUS  Hall. 

OLENELLUS  GILBERT!  Meek  (manuscript).* — Head  subsemicircular 
or  semi-oval,  the  length  being  from  one  half  to  two-thirds  as  great  as 
the  width ;  both  the  external  and  posterior  margins  bordered  by  a  nar- 
row, continuous,  slightly-raised  rim,  placed  a  little  within  the  edge  of 
the  margins;  the  postero-lateral  angles  produced  into  slender  spines, 
which  are  terete,  not  widened  at  the  base,  and,  in  the  specimens,  are 
about  equal  in  length  to  one  quarter  of  the  transverse  diameter  of  the 
head  at  its  base.  Near  the  postero-lateral  angles  of  the  head,  the  pos- 
terior margin  bends  abruptly  forward,  forming  a  kind  of  notch  or  small 
retreating  angle  with  the  backward-projecting  spine,  giving  the  outer 
corner  of  the  movable  cheek  the  appearance  of  being  rounded.  Eyes 
narrow,  broadly  arching  outward,  narrowness  and  convexity  of  curve 
both  increasing  posteriorly  ;  their  outer  margins  about  equidistant  from 

*  The  descriptions  of  this  and  the  following  species  were  written  by  Mr.  Meek  before  my 
own  were,  and  now  form  a  part  of  Mr.  Gilbert's  report  to  Lieutenant  Wheeler,  which  is 
awaiting  publication. — C.  A.  W. 


the  center  and  outer  margin  of  the  head,  which  distance  is  also  about 
equal  to  the  length  of  the  eye.  Glabella  distinctly  lobed,  the  furrows 
extending  nearly  or  quite  to  its  center  5  frontal  lobe  prominent,  tumid, 
regularly  rounded  in  front,  and  a  little  wider  than  the  remainder  of  the 
glabella. 

The  remainder  of  the  body  is  unknown  except  a  single  specimen  of 
the  long  third  pleura  of  the  right  side  and  another  short  one.  Both  of 
these  are  grooved  and  marked  as  is  usual  in  the  genus. 

This  species  is  nearly  allied  to  0.  Vermontana,  the  type  specimens  of 
which  are  from  strata  of  the  Potsdam  epoch  in  the  town  of  Georgia,  Vt. 

Position  and  locality. — Kocks  of  the  Potsdam  epoch  at  Pioche,  Ne- 
vada. 

OLENELLUS  HOWELLI  Meek  (manuscript). — Head  semi-oval  in  out- 
line, strongly  convex,  the  length  on  the  median  line  being  to  the  great- 
est breadth  about  as  three  to  five ;  exterior  margin  having  a  strong 
raised  border  of  nearly  uniform  width  all  around,  and  which  is  also  con- 
tinuous with  the  moderately  strong  spines  of  the  postero-lateral  angle 
of  the  head  j  length  of  the  spines  equal  to  about  one-half  the  length  of 
the  head  on  the  median  line;  posterior  margin  also  with  a  raised  bor- 
der, extending  on  each  side  from  the  occipital  segment  to  the  base  of  the 
spines ;  width  of  this  border  not  uniform  like  that  of  the  exterior  mar- 
gin, but  is  widest  a  little  beyond  the  midlength  of  each  side,  and 
narrowest  near  the  base  of  each  spine,  where  it  again  suddenly  widens 
outward,  blending  with  both  the  spine  and  the  lateral  border.  This 
widening  of  the  border  there  rounds  the  angle  between  the  posterior 
margin  and  the  spine,  and  also  rounds  the  postero-lateral  angle  of  that 
portion  of  the  cheek  which  is  inclosed  within  the  raised  borders.  A 
shallow,  linear  depression  runs  around  the  head,  just  within  the  raised 
border,  giving  the  broad  cheek-surfaces  the  appearance  of  being  slightly 
inflated.  Eyes  large,  very  prominent,  extending  from  opposite  the 
anterior  furrow  of  the  glabella  to  nearly  opposite  the  middle  of  the 
occipital  lobe;  the  palpebral  lobe  of  each  eye  blending  with  the  outer 
ends  of  the  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior  lobes  of  the  glabella. 

Glabella  large,  very  prominent,  distinctly  lobed  j  the  furrows,  espec- 
ially the  occipital  one,  not  extending  quite  to  the  center  on  either  side; 
the  occipital  and  posterior  lobes  of  about  equal  size ;  the  middle  and  ante- 
rier  ones  about  equaling  each  other  in  size,  a  little  smaller  than  the  two 
first  named ;  frontal  lobe  large,  tumid,  extending  forward  to  the  shallow, 
linear  depression  just  within  the  raised  border  of  the  head,  regularly 
rounded  in  front,  a  little  wider  than  the  remainder  of  the  glabella, 
bordered  on  each  side  by  a  shallow,  linear  depression,  which  ends  ante- 
riorly in  the  marginal  depression  just  named. 

Surface  apparently  smooth.    Remainder  of  the  body  unknown. 

This  species  is  related  to  0.  Thompsoni  from  strata  of  the  Potsdam 
epoch  m  the  town  of  Georgia,  Vermont. 

As  the  genus  Olenellus  is  held  by  geologists  to  mark  a  distinct  and 
characteristic  horizon  in  American  strata,  its  discovery  in  that  distant 
locality  is  peculiarly  interesting.  It  is  also  an  interesting  and  signifi- 
cant fact  that  the  two  species  here  described  respectively  represent  in 
their  specific  characters  the  two  originally-described  species  of  the  genus 
found  associated  in  the  primordial  rocks  of  Vermont  and  Canada,  as 
these  are  found  associated  in  rocks  of  the  same  period  in  Nevada. 

The  specimens  from  which  the  descriptions  of  the  two  species  of 
Olenellus  herein  recorded  were  made  are  the  same  that  were  used  by 
Mr.  Meek  in  his  original  descriptions  and  naming  of  the  species. 

Position  and  locality.— Rocks  of  the  Potsdam  epoch,  Pioche,  Nevada. 


CANADIAN  PERIOD. 
HYDROZOA. 

Genus  PHYLLOGRAPTUS  Hall. 

PHYLLOGRAPTUS  LORINGI  (sp.  nov.) — Stipe  apparently  having  the 
usual  quadripartite  form  of  the  genus,  the  foliate  expansion  having  a 
somewhat  irregular  elongate  oval  outline  and  a  moderately  narrow  axis ; 
cellules  leaving  the  axis  at  different  angles  with  it  in  different  parts  of 
its  length,  ascending  along  the  middle  portion  so  as  to  form  an  acute 
angle  with  the  axis  and  sweeping  outward  with  an  increasing  curva- 
ture to  the  lateral  margins,  where  they  are  at  right  angles  with  the 
axis,  or,  in  some  cases,  slightly  recurving.  Toward  the  apex  the  cel- 
lules are  less  curved  and  form  more  acute  angles  with  the  axis.  Each 
cellule  gradually  but  slightly  increases  in  size  as  it  passes  outward  to 
the  margin,  where  there  are  thirteen  or  fourteen  in  the  space  of  a  centi- 
meter. Each  cellule  is  provided  at  its  aperture  with  a  strong,  prominent, 
recurving,  lower  lip,  the  edges  of  which,  in  our  specimen,  it  being  com- 
pressed, have  the  appearance  of  spine-like  appendages.  Being  broken, 
also,  at  the  lower  end,  its  form  there,  and  the  fall  length,  are  not  accu- 
rately known ;  but  the  full  length  was  apparently  about  four  centimeters ; 
width,  at  about  midlength,  one  and  a  half  centimeters. 

Dedicated  to  the  memory  of  Mr.  F.  W.  Loring,  who  was  murdered  by 
the  Apache  Indians  in  October,  1871,  while  a  member  of  one  of  the 
exploring  parties. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group,  Fish 
Spring,  House  range,  Utah. 

4 

BEACHIOPODA. 

Genus  ACROTRETA  Kutorga. 

ACROTRETA  PYXIDICULA  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  minute ;  marginal  outline 
subcircular  or  transversely  suboval,  without  observable  mesial  sinus 
or  fold.  Dorsal  valve  moderately  convex,  most  prominent  near  the 
umbo  ;  beak  small,  depressed  but  well  defined,  hardly  projecting  beyond 
the  hinge-line ;  cardinal  angles  rounded ;  hinge-line  short,  nearly 
straight ;  lateral  and  front  margins  regularly  rounded.  Ventral  valve 
obliquely  depressed-subconical ;  apex  acute,  prominent,  and  perforated 
by  a  minute  foramen ;  margin  in  front  of  the  hinge-line  regularly  rounded ; 
area  small,  triangular,  nearly  flat,  the  angles  it  forms  with  the  sides  of 
the  shell  rounded. 

Surface  of  both  valves  smooth  or  marked  by  very  fine  concentric  lines 
of  growth.  • 

Width,  two  millimeters:  length,  a  little  less  ;  height,  a  little  less  than 
the  length. 

This  species  seems  to  possess  all  the  generic  characteristics  of 
Acrotreta,  except  that  the  ventral  valve  is  not  so  much  elevated  as  is 
usual  in  that  genus. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group,  Sohell- 
bourne,  Schell  Creek  range,  Nevada. 

Genus  LINGTJLA  Bruguiere. 

LINGULA  ?  MANTICULA  (sp.  nov.} — Shell  small,  elongate-subovate  or 
subelliptical,  broadest  at  or  a  little  behind  the  midleugth ;  beaks 


10 

pointed.  Dorsal  valve  proportionally  wider  than  the  ventral,  moder- 
ately convex ;  postero-lateral  margins  nearly  straight,  meeting  at  the 
beak  at  an  angle  of  nearly  forty-five  degrees ;  beak  small,  depressed 
front  margin  regularly  rounded ;  sides  broadly  rounded  or  only  a  little 
convex.  Ventral  valve  proportionally  longer  than  the  dorsal  in  con- 
sequence of  the  projection  of  its  beak  behind  that  of  the  dorsal  valve  ; 
the  portion  in  front  of  the  hinge  corresponding  with  that  of  the  other, 
except  that  the  posterior  part  of  it  is  a  little  more  convex  transversely. 
The  beak  is  somewhat  more  prominent,  more  acute,  and  the  postero- 
lateral  slopes  less  straight  than  they  are  in  the  dorsal  valve.  Surface 
of  both  valves  with  a  smooth  appearance,  but  fine  concentric  lines  and 
obscure  radiating  stria3  are  visible  under  a  lens. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group,  Schell- 
bourne,  Schell  Creek  range,  Nevada. 

Genus  STROPHOMENA  Kafmesque. 

STROPHOMENA  FONTINALIS  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  moderately  concavo-con- 
vex or  nearly  flat;  outline  semi-elliptical;  width  from  one-quarter  to  one- 
third  greater  than  the  length  ;  width  at  the  hinge-line  varying  from  a 
trifle  more  to  a  trifle  less  than  it  is  just  in  front  of  it.  Ventral  valve 
somewhat  flattened,  but  moderately  convex,  in  the  middle  and  umbonal 
region.  Dorsal  valve  slightly  concave,  and  in  other  respects  correspond- 
ing with  the  ventral.  Hinge  and  interior  of  both  valves  unknown. 

Surface  of  both  valves  marked  by  fine,  uniform,  rounded,  radiating 
striae,  which  increase  by  bifurcation,  and  give  the  surface  an  appearance 
very  similar  to  that  of  the  well-known  Stropkomena  fragilis  of  the  Devo- 
nian strata  of  New  York  and  other  States.  Fine  concentric  striae  are 
also  visible  under  a  lens.  ^ 

Length,  eighteen  millimeters;  width,  twenty-four  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group,  Fish 
Spring,  House  range,  Utah. 

GASTEEOPODA. 
Genus  BELLEROPHON  Montfort. 

BELLEROPHON  ALLEGORICUS  (sp.  nov.)— Shell  not  above  medium  size, 
rather  compact,  umbilicnted  ;  aperture  expanded,  greatest  expansion  at 
the  sides  giving  it  a  renifbrin  outline  ;  outer  volution  regularly  convex 
transversely ;  lip  with  a  moderately  large,  deep  notch  in  front,  of  uni- 
form width,  and  rounded  at  the  back  end  ;  continuous  with  this  notch, 
there  is  an  equally  broad,  slightly-elevated,  rounded  dorsal  band, 
extending  along  the  center  of  the  outer  volution  until  it  enters  the 
aperture.  • 

Surface-markings  not  preserved  in  any  of  the  specimens. 

Extreme  width  across  the  aperture,  eighteen  millimeters ;  postero- 
anterior  diameter  of  the  outer  volution,  seventeen  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group,  Fish 
Spring,  House  range,  Utah. 

CEPHALOPODA. 
Genus  ORTHOCERAS  Breynius. 

ORTHOCERAS  COLON  (sp.  nov.)— Shell  annul ated,  very  slightly  taper- 
ing; section  oval;  siph uncle  large,  marginal,  in  contact  with  one  of  the 


11 

broadly-rounded  sides,  its  diameter  equal  to  one-third  of  the  short  diam- 
eter of  the  shell;  septa  smooth,  convexity  nearly  uniform,  reaching 
farther  forward  at  the  narrower  sides  than  at  the  broader  ones  ;  annu- 
lations  broadly  rounded,  passing  sinuously  around  the  shell,  the  sinuosity 
being  greater  upon  one  of  the  broad  sides  than  upon  the  other ;  inter- 
spaces corresponding  nearly  in  width  and  curvature  with  the  aunula- 
tions. 

The  shell-substance  is  not  preserved  upon  the  specimen,  and  the 
surface-markings  are  unknown. 

Long  diameter,  eighteen  millimeters  ;  short  diameter,  fifteen  millime- 
ters; distance  from  center  to  center  of  the  annulations,  six  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group,  Fish 
Spring,  House  range,  Utah. 

CRUSTACEA. 

Genus  LEPERDITIA  Eouault. 

LEPERDITIA  BIVIA  (sp.  nor.) — Shell  not  quite  equivalve,  inflated,  the 
greatest  transverse  diameter  being  about  midlength  and  below  the 
middle ;  obliquely  subovate  in  outline,  widest  anteriorly ;  the  straight 
hinge-line  about  equal  in  length  to  two-thirds  of  the  entire  length  of 
the  shell,  and  ending,  both  posteriorly  and  anteriorly,  in  a  small,  dis- 
tinctly projecting  angle,  which  it  forms  with  the  anterior  and  posterior 
borders  respectively  ;  anterior  margin  obliquely  rounded,  with  a  mod- 
erately broad,  somewhat  flattened  border ;  posterior  margin  abruptly 
rounded,  having  a  similar,  but  rather  narrower,  laterally  -  flattened 
border,  the  flattening  of  the  borders  of  both  valves  and  at  both  ends 
becoming  obsolete  upon  reaching  the  ventral  margin,  which  is  broadly 
rounded.  Ventral  border  of  the  right  valve  bent  sharply  inward  and 
even  a  little  upward,  producing  a  narrow,  plain,  area  like  surface  there, 
which  tapers  to  a  sharp  point  at  each  extremity,  and  is  nearly  equal  in 
length  to  the  hinge-line.  Ventral  border  of  the  left  valve  not  bent 
inward  like  that  of  the  right,  but  the  general  convexity  of  the  valve 
extends  to  the  edge;  upon  the  ventral  border  of  this  valve,  near  its  edge, 
there  are  two  distinct,  comparatively  large  pores  which  open  diverg- 
ingly  upon  the  surface,  the  distance  between  them  being  equal  to  a 
little  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  hinge-line. 

Eye-tubercle  not  detected ;  surface  apparently  smooth. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group,  Queen 
Spring  Hill,  Schell  Creek  range,  Nevada. 

Genus  MEGTALASPIS  Angeliu. 

MEGALASPIS  BELEMNTJRUS  (sp.  nov.) — Pygidiuui  subtriangular  in 
outline,  moderately  convex  transversely  and  only  slightly  convex  lon- 
gitudinally ;  length,  compared  with  the  width  across  the  anterior  end, 
about  as  fifteen  to  twenty-two;  outer  margins  with  a  wide,  smooth 
border,  slightly  convex,  except  near  the  antero-lateral  angles,  where 
the  convexity  increases  and  the  angles  are  abruptly  rounded ;  anterior 
margin  moderately  convex  ;  posterior  extremity  ending  in  a  spine-like 
process;  segmentation  indistinct,  but  most  apparent  upon  the  anterior 
portion  of  the  axis;  trilobation  somewhat  obscure;  axis  depressed, 
slightly  higher  than  the  adjacent  portions  of  the  lateral  lobes,  only 
about  half  as  wide  anteriorly  as  one  of  the  lateral  lobes,  continuous 
posteriorly  with  the  elevated  caudal  portion  of  the  pygidiuui,  which 


12 

terminates  in  the  caudal  spine  ;  dorsal  furrows  moderately  distinct  upon 
the  anterior  half  of  the  pygidiuin,  but  become  obsolete  posteriorly ; 
lateral  lobes  slightly  convex,  indistinctly  defined  externally  by  the 
broad,  nearly  flat,  marginal  border ;  their  inner  sides  more  clearly 
defined,  especially  their  anterior  portions,  by  the  dorsal  farrows. 

Surface  apparently  smooth.    Eemaiuder  of  the  body  unknown. 

The  species  differs,  from  M.  goniocercus  Meek,  in  the  less  distinctly 
triangular  outline  of  the  pygidium,  its  greater  proportionate  width,  the 
proportionally  narrower  axis,  and  the  more  distinct  dorsal  furrows. 

Position  and  locality. — Eocks  of  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group,  Queen 
Spring  Hill,  Schell  Creek  range,  Nevada. 

Genus  DICELLOCEPHALUS  OWEN. 

DICELLOCEPHALUS  FLAGRiCAUDUS  (sp.  nov.)— Pygidium  contracted, 
fan-shaped ;  lateral  lobes  each  consisting  of  three  segments,  directed 
backward;  the  inner  one  of  each  side  lying  close  to  the  dorsal  suture, 
nearly  parallel  with  the  axis  of  the  body,  or  converging  a  little  poste- 
riorly, and  becoming  obsolete  upon  each  side  of  a  small  but  compara- 
tively wide  sloping  border,  that  passes  around  the  posterior  end  of  the 
axial  lobe.  The  middle  segments  commence  at  the  dorsal  furrow  of 
each  side  respectively,  near  the  anterior  end  of  thp  pygidium,  pass  back- 
ward parallel  with  the  first,  and  project  beyond  the  border  as  converging 
posterior  spines.  The  third  and  outer  segments  commence  anteriorly 
at  the  dorsal  sutures,  where  they  are  very  narrow,  extend  outward, 
curve  abruptly  backward,  parallel  with  the  others,  form  raised  lateral 
margins  of  considerable  but  unequal  width  to  the  pygidium,  and  pro- 
ject posteriorly  as  an  outer  pair  of  converging  spines,  similar  to  the 
others.  Axis  prominent,  especially  at  its  apex,  where  it  terminates  in  a 
moderately  sharp  angle,  about  one  quarter  wider  anteriorly  than  pos- 
teriorly, well  defined  by  the  nearly  straight  dorsal  furrows,  marked  by 
five  or  six  distinctly-defined  segments,  which  cross  it  almost  transversely 
but  with  a  slightly  sinuous  course. 

The  pygidium  only  of  this  species  has  been  discovered,  consequently 
its  generic  relations  are  not  accurately  known,  and  it  is  referred  only 
provisionally  to  Dicellocepkalus. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  age  of  the  Quebec  group,  Schell- 
bourne,  Schell  Creek  range,  Nevada. 

TRENTON  PERIOD. 

HYDEOZOA. 
Genus  GRAPTOLITHUS  Linnaeus. 

GRAPTOLITIIUS  (DIPLOGRAPTUS)  HYPNIFORMIS  (sp.nov.)— Stipe  sim- 
ple, slender;  sides  flat ;  edges  nearly  straight  and  nearly  parallel,  the  in- 
crease in.width  being  very  slight  from  the  proximal  or  basal  end  toward 
the  distal  end.  Serratures  deep,  narrow,  sharply  rounded  or  angular  at 
bottom,  the  inner  and  outer  sides  both  rising  at  acute  angles  with  the 
axis  of  the  stipe,  those  of  adjacent  cells  joining  together  to  form  moder- 
ately long,  slender,  mucronate  points,  directed  strongly  upward,  between 
the  cells.  At  the  proximal  end  of  the  stipe,  small  downward-diverg- 
ing points  are  sometimes  seen,  like  those  of  G.  Whitfieldi  Hall,  and 
other  allied  species;  and,  like  those  species,  this  has  a  slender,  thread- 
like axis,  passing  longitudinally  through  the  center  of  the  stipe  and 


13 

extending  more  or  less  beyond  the  distal  cells.  Serratures,  or  cells,  about 
twelve  in  the  length  of  a  centimeter. 

Extreme  width  of  the  stipe  between  the  mucronate  points  of  each 
side  often  less  than  two  millimeters  and  seldom  more  ;  length  of  stipe, 
from  one  to  three  centimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Shales  (probably  of  the  age  of  those  at  Nor- 
mans Kill,  near  Albany,  New  York),  five  miles  north  of  Belmont,  Nevada, 
where  it  is  associated  with  the  two  following  species. 

GBAPTOLITHUS  QUARDRIMUCRONATUS  Hall  ?— Stipe  quadrilateral ; 
section  oblong,  gradually  but  slightly  increasing  in  transverse  diame- 
ter from  the  proximal  or  basal  end  to  about  midlength,  where  the 
maximum  size  is  reached  ;  cells  opening  on  the  two  narrower  sides  ;  their 
apertures  directed  obliquely  upward,  narrow,  transverse,  like  four-sided 
slits,  of  uniform  size,  about  half  the  width  of  the  interspaces,  their  length 
nearly  equaling  the  full  short  diameter  of  the  stipe.  At  each  of  the  two 
outer  corners  of  each  cell-aperture,  a  mucronate  point  projects,  which, 
together  with  the  slight  projection  of  the  cell  itself  from  the  body  of  the 
stipe,  gives  the  latter  a  doubly-serrated  appearance,  when  viewed  upon 
one  of  its  broader  sides,  like  that  of  two  stipes  of  an  ordinary  Diplograp- 
tus  compressed  together.  A  slender,  thread-like  axis,  passing  longitudi- 
nally through  the  middle  of  the  stipe,  usually  appears  as  a  part  of  the 
imprint  of  the  specimens  upon  the  shale. 

This  species,  so  far  as  can  be  determined  from  the  specimens,  is  so 
closely  like  G.  quadrimucronatus  Hall,  from  the  "  Utica-slate  formation, 
Lake  St.  John,  east  of  Blue  Point,"  that  it  is  referred  provisionally  to 
that  species.  In  case  more  perfect  specimens  should  show  the  species 
to  be  new,  as  it  probably  is,  I  propose  for  it  the  name  of  G.  Belmon- 
tensis. 

Position  and  locality. — Shales  (probably  of  the  age  of  those  at  Nor- 
man's Hill,  near  Albany,  New  York),  five  miles  north  of  Belmont,  Ne- 
vada, where  it  is  associated  with  the  last-described  species,  and  also 
with  the  following  one. 

GBAPTOLITHUS  (CLIMACOGRAPTUS  f)  KAMULUS  (sp.nov.)  Stipe  slen- 
der, bifurcating,  bearing  cells  upon  both  edges  below  the  bifurcation,  and 
upon  only  one  edge,  the  outer,  above  that  point,  so  that  each  series  of 
cells  is  continuous  from  the  common  proximal  to  the  two  distal  extrem- 
ities respectively,  and,  of  course,  occupy  the  outer  edges  of  the  branches 
only.  The  body  of  the  stipe  throughout  is  moderately  thin  and  flat;  but, 
judging  from  the  presence  of  a  little  pit  in  the  shale  at  the  place  of  each 
cell,  the  latter  were  inflated  in  form,  so  that  their  transverse  diameter 
was  considerably  greater  than  the  thickness  of  the  stipe.  Cells  moder- 
ately large,  each  bearing  upon  its  outer  wall,  just  below  the  aperture,  a 
slender,  outward-projecting  spine. 

This  species  has  almost  exactly  the  general  aspect  of  G.  ramosus  Hall, 
from  the  dark  shales  at  Norman's  Kill,  near  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  was 
at  first  regarded  as  identical  with  it;  but.  on  close  inspection,  it  is  found 
to  differ  materially  in  the  form  of  its  cells  and  the  character  of  the  stipe. 
Some  of  these  differences  seem  also  to  modify  its  relations  to  the  sub- 
genus  GlitnacograptuSj  to  which  G.  ramosus  is  assigned  by  Professor  Hall, 
the  author  of  the  subgenus. 

Position  and  locality. — Shales  (probably  of  the  age  of  those  at  Nor- 
man's Kill,  near  Albany,  N.  Y.),  five  miles  north  of  Belmont,  Nevada, 
where  it  is  associated  with  the  two  species  last  described. 

Besides  the  foregoing  species  of  Graptolites,  which  are  referred  with 
some  doubt  to  the  Trenton  period  as  defined  by  Dana,  other  localities 


14 

have  furnished  species  that  undoubtedly  belong  to  that  period,  of  which 
the  following  is  a  list : 

Chcetetes  lycoperdon  Say,  Silver  Caiion,  Nevada. 

Zaphrentis  f  Silver  City,  New  Mexico. 

Favosites f  Silver  City  and  Upper  Miembres  Mining  Camp,  New 

Mexico. 

Favistella  stellata  Hall,  Silver  City,  New  Mexico. 

Leptcena  sericea  Sowerby?,  Silver  City,  New  Mexico. 

Strophomena  planumbona  Hall,  Silver  City,  New  Mexico. 

Orthis  biforata  Schlotheim,  Silver  City,  New  Mexico. 

Orthis  occidentalis  Hall,  Silver  City,  $"ew  Mexico. 

Orthis  testudinaria  Dalman  ?,  Silver  City,  New  Mexico. 

Orthis  plicatella  Hall?,  Fossil  Butte,  near  Hico,  Nevada. 

Modiolopsis  ?  Upper  Miembres  Mining  Camp.  New  Mexico. 

Maclurea  ?  head  of  Amargosa  Desert,  Nevada  (not  in  situ). 

Euomphalus  trochiscus  Meek,  E well's  Spring,  Arizona  (lower  horizon). 
And  also  the  following  new  species  of  Rhynchonella  : 

Genus  EHYNCHONEILLA  Fischer. 

BHYNCHOKELLA  AUGENTURBICA  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  rather  below  me- 
dium size,  compact,  subtrihedral  in  outline;  length  and  width  nearly 
equal ;  maximum  height  in  old  shells  nearly  equaling  the  width  ;  pos- 
tero-lateral  margins  somewhat  straightened  or  slightly  convex;  rostral 
angle  from  forty  to  forty-five  degrees ;  autero-lateral  margins  rounded  ; 
front  sinuous  or  truncate,  as  seen  by  either  dorsal  or  ventral  view.  Dor- 
sal valve  more  convex  than  the  ventral,  abruptly  arching  to  the  beak, 
which  is  strongly  incurved;  mesial  fold  very  prominent,  distinctly 
defined  back  to  the  umbonal  region,  divided  into  either  three  or  four 
prominent,  angular,  or  sharply-rounded  plications;  sides  regularly  arch- 
ing to  the  margins  both  transversely  and  longitudinally,  but  become 
somewhat  laterally  flattened  near  the  beak ;  each  marked  by  from  five  to 
seven  plications;  those  nearest  the  mesial  fold  being  of  about  the  same 
size  as  those  upon  it,  but  they  become  smaller  toward,  and  obsolete 
upon,  the  postero-lateral  margins. 

Ventral  valve  less  strongly  arched  than  the  other ;  beak  prominent ; 
mesial  sinus  deep,  occupying  about  one-half  the  width  of  the  shell  at  the 
front  margin ;  its  sides  abrupt,  and  the  bottom  having  either  two  or  three 
plications  like  those  of  the  dorsal  fold ;  sides  sloping  away  from  the 
edges  of  the  sinus  with  less  convexity  than  the  sides  of  the  dorsal  valve 
have,  and  become  laterally  compressed  near  the  beak ;  plications  about 
seven  on  each  side,  becoming  smaller  toward,  and  finally  obsolete 
upon,  the  postero-lateral  spaces. 

Besides  the  plications,  which  are  continued  to  the  beaks,  the  surface 
is  marked  by  lines  of  growth,  which  are  most  prominent  upon  the  plica- 
tions, giving  them  a  delicate  cancellated  appearance  on  some  shells. 

Length  and  breadth,  about  one  centimeter ;  height,  about  eight  milli- 
meters. 

Position  and  locality.— Strata  of  the  age  of  the  Cincinnati  group, 
Silver  City  and  Upper  Miembres  Mining  Camp,  New  Mexico. 


15 

CARBONIFEROUS. 
SUBCARBONIFEROUS  PERIOD. 

POLYPI. 
Genus  FAVOSITES  Lamarck. 

FAVOSITES  WHITFIELDI  White  and  Whitfield  (manuscript). — This 
species,  described  by  White  and  Whitfield,  from  the  Subcarbouiferous 
rocks  at  Burlington,  Iowa,  without  a  specific  name,  (Proc.  Bost.  Soc. 
lN~at.  Hist.,  vol.  VIII,  page  306),  is  identified  among  the  collections  made 
from  the  upper  horizon  at  EwelPs  Spring,  Arizona. 

BLASTOIDEA. 

Genus  GRANATOCRIXUS  Troost. 

GRANATOCRINUS  LOTOBLASTUS  (sp.  nov.)— Body  subelliptical  ;  great- 
est width  about  the  middle;  distinctly,  but  not  very  deeply  pentalobate 
at  the  base,  truncate  at  top ;  base  depressed ;  basal  plates  very  small ; 
radial  plates  apparently  very  short,  and  embracing  only  the  lower 
extremities  of  the  pseudambulacral  areas ;  interradial  plates  long  and 
narrow,  apparently  reaching  the  summit ;  a  comparatively  shallow,  ver- 
tical furrow  along  the  center  of  each  ;  anal  plate  prominent  at  its  upper 
end ;  pseudambulacral  areas  prominent,  narrow,  reaching  down  to  or 
below  the  plane  of  the  basal  plate,  as  seen  by  side-view. 

Height,  nine  millimeters  ;  transverse  diameter,  seven  millimeters. 

The  aspect  of  this  species  is  much,  like  that  of  G.  melo  Owen  and 
Shnmard,  from  the  Subcarboniferous  rocks  of  Burlington,  Iowa  ;  but  it 
differs  in  its  less  robust  form,  and  in  not  possessing  the  distinct  longi- 
tudinal lobes  of  that  species.  In  that  species,  the  pseudambulacral 
areas  are  depressed,  while  in  this  they  are  the  more  prominent  portions 
in  the  outline  of  the  body. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  Subcarboniferous  period,  E well's 
Spring,  Arizona. 

GRINOIDEA. 
Genus  PLATYCRLXUS  Miller. 

PLATYCRINUS ? — Upon  the  weathered  surface  of  a  piece  of 

limestone  in  the  collection,  there  are  three  or  four  more  or  less  imper- 
fect criuoids,  partly  imbedded  in  the  rock,  and  partly  defaced  by 
weathering.  One  of  these  is  a  Platycrinus,  as  shown  by  characters  other 
than  the  body-plates,  which  cannot  be  distinguished.  The  outline  of 
the  calyx  is  clearly  shown  ;  it  is  broad,  cup  shaped  ;  base  depressed  at 
the  center;  arms  branching  two  or  three  times;  branches  slender;  the 
whole  upper  part  of  the  body  prolonged  into  a  proboscidiform  mass, 
about  three  times  the  height  of  the  calyx,  and  standing  erect  between 
the  arms.  Stem  slender,  composed  of  joints  of  unequal  size. 

This  species  resembles  P.  Icevis  Miller,  as  figured  by  De  Koninck 
and  le  Hon  (Recher.  Grin,  da  Terr.  Garb,  de  la  Belgique),  but  is  not  so 
robust.  The  observable  details  indicate  that  it  is  a  different,  and  proba- 


16 

bly  a  new  species.  In  case  other  discoveries  should  prove  it  to  be  so,  I 
propose  for  it  the  name  of  P.  vexaMlis. 

Breadth  of  the  calyx,  about  eight  millimeters ;  height,  five  millime- 
ters ;  height  from  base  to  top  of  proboscis,  two  centimeters  ;  the  arms 
were  capable  of  extending  about  one  centimeter  farther. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  Subcarboniferous  age,  Mountain 
Spring,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada. 

Genus  ACTINOCRINUS  Miller. 

ACTINOCRINUS  VIATICUS  (sp.  nov.}—Body  below  the  arms  broadly 
subturbinate ;  arms  slender,  somewhat  compressed  laterally;  apparently 
thirty  in  all,  since  the  two  full  rays  and  one-half  of  another  that  are  in 
view  bear  such  proportionate  numbers.  The  appearance  of  branching 
of  each  ray  begins  below  the  periphery  of  the  body,  where,  starting  as  a 
single  pair,  they  immediately  bifurcate ;  the  two  inner  branches  bifurcat- 
ing again  at  or  just  beyond  the  periphery,  the  two  outer  branches  remain- 
ing simple. 

Surface  of  the  body-plates  marked  by  sharp,  radiating  ridges,  which 
give  the  whole  surface  below  the  arms  a  confused  cancellated  appear- 
ance. 

Width  of  body  at  its  periphery,  about  eighteen  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  Subcarboniferous  age,  Mountain 
Spring,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada. 

BEACHIOPODA. 
Genus  SPIRIGHERA  d'Orbigny. 

SPIRIGERA  MONTICOLA  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  subelliptical  or  subtetra- 
hedral  in  outline,  always  wider  than  long,  widest  about  the  middle  or  a 
little  forward  of  it,  moderately  gibbous;  convexity  of  valves  nearly 
equal ;  postero-lateral  margins  thickened  in  old  shells,  but  in  younger 
ones  the  whole  margin  is  more  or  less  sharp  ;  front  margin  only  slightly 
sinuous  in  very  young  shells,  but  very  deeply  sinuous  in  some  old  ones. 

Ventral  valve  broadly  convex  from  side  to  side,  regularly  arching 
from  beak  to  front ;  beak  moderately  prominent  and  slightly  incurved  ; 
foramen  as  usual,  round,  rather  small ;  mesial  sinus  scarcely  apparent 
in  young  shells,  but  in  some  old  ones  becoming  very  deep  at  the  front, 
somewhat  narrow,  but  moderately  well  denned  at  the  sides. 

Dorsal  valve  gibbous  in  the  umbonal  region,  prominent  along  the 
middle,  from  which  the  sides  slope  away  by  gentle  convex  curves  to  the 
lateral  margins ;  mesial  fold  in  some  specimens  not  well  defined  nor 
very  prominent,  in  which  cases  the  valve  has  a  broad  convexity,  but  in 
others  the  mesial  fold  is  well  marked,  narrow,  and  very  prominent  at 
the  front  of  the  shell,  while  in  all  it  is  hardly  traceable  behind  the  mid- 
dle, even  in  adult  shells. 

Surface  of  both  valves  marked  by  fine  concentric  lines  or  lamellae  of 
growth,  and  occasionally  indications  of  fine  radiating  striae  are  to  be 
seen  under  the  lens. 

Length  of  a  mature  specimen,  twenty-three  millimeters ;  extreme 
width,  twenty-nine  millimeters ;  height,  sixteen  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  Subcarbouiferous  period,  Mount- 
ain Spring,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada. 

Besides  the  foregoing  new  species,  the  collection  also  contains  the  fol- 
lowing, which  have  heretofore  been  described  from  Subcarbonif- 


17 

erous  strata,  and  to  which  period  I  have  referred  the  rocks  from  which 
the  specimens  were  collected.  The  first  line  gives  the  localities  of  the 
specimens  contained  in  the  collections,  and  the  second  those  Subcarbon- 
iferous  localities  which  furnished  the  types  of  all  the  species  named  ex- 
cept one. 

Syringopora  Harveyi  White  ? 

Ewell's  Spring,  Arizona. 

Burlington  limestone,  Burlington,  Iowa. 
Productus  Parvus  Meek  and  Worthen. 

Mountain  Spring,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada. 

Chester  limestone,  Chester,  Illinois. 
Strophomena  rhomboidalis*  Wilckins. 

Mountain  Spring,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada. 

Kimlerhook  formation  of  Illinois  and  Iowa  and  elsewhere. 
Spirigera  obmaxima  McCbesney. 

Mountain  Spring,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada,   and  below  Ophir 
City,  Utah. 

Keokuk  litoestone  of  Iowa  and  Illinois. 
Spirifer  (Martinia)  peculiar-is  Shrunard. 

Mountain  Spring,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada. 

Kinderhook,  formation  of  Missouri  and  Iowa. 
Spirifer  centronata  Winchell. 

Mountain  Spring,  Old  Morman  road,  Nevada. 

Waverly  sandstone,  Cuyahoga  Falls,  Ohio. 
Spirifer  striatus  Martin. 

Mountain  Spring,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada. 

Burlington  limestone  (j$.  Grimesi),  Burlington,  Iowa. 
Spirifer  ( Sy  r  ingot  hyr  is)  extenuatus  Hall. 

Mountain  Spring,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada. 

Kinderhook  formation  of  Iowa  and  Missouri. 
Terebratula  Burlingtonensis  White. 

Mountain  Sprirg,  Old  Mormon  road,  Nevada. 

Kiuderhook  formation,  Burlington,  Iowa. 
Proiuctus  Prattenianus  Norwood  (=?  P.  Icevicostus  White). 

Below  Ophir  City,  Utah. 

Kinderhook  formation,  Burlington  Iowa  (P.  Icevicostus). 
Orihis  Michilini  var.  Burlingtonensis  Hall  f 

Below  Ophir  City,  Utah. 

Burlington  limestone,  Burlington,  Iowa. 

CARBONIFEROUSf  PERIOD. 

ECHINODEKMATA. 
Genus  ARCHJEOCIDARIS  McCoy. 

ARCH^SOCIDARIS  TRTJDIFER  (sp.  nov.) — Interambulacral  plates  com- 
paratively broad,  rather  thin,  with  a  row  of  small  tubercles  forming  an 
elevated  border  all  around ;  areolar  surface  apparently  plain ;  central 
tubercle  small,  perforated  in  the  center,  surrounded  at  its  base  by  a 

*  Almost  world-wide  in  its  distribution,  but  is  believed  not  to  exist  in  strata  of  later  date 
than  the  Subcarbonit'erous. 

tl  use  this  term  to  indicate  all  the  strata  between  the  Subcarboniferous  below  and  the 
Permian  above,  and  especially  in  contradistinction  to  the  Subcarboniferous  ;  in  other  words, 
it  is  used  as  synonymous  with  the  general  term  "  Coal-Measures,"  somewhat  in  use. 
2  I  F 


18 

very  slightly-raised  ring,  and  immediately  outside  of  that,  by  another 
one  so  much  elevated  as  to  form  a  little  cup,  with  a  somewhat  ex- 
panded rim.  Diameter  of  the  largest  plate  in  the  collection,  about  twenty 
millimeters. 

Spines  very  long,  slender,  one  of  the  specimens  having  been,  when  per- 
fect, about  eleven  centimeters  in  length,  terete;  diameter  at  the  basal  ring, 
which  expands  abruptly  from  the  shaft,  much  greater  than  any  portion  of 
the  latter;  shaft  continues  of  nearly  uniform  diameter  for  more  than  half 
its  length  from  the  ring,  and  then  gradually  tapers  to  a  point.  Greatest 
diameter  of  the  shaft  of  the  long  spine  referred  to,  scarcely  five  mil- 
imeters;  diameter  of  the  basal  ring,  seven  millimeters.  Surface  of  the 
spine  for  a  short  distance  above  the  basal  ring  apparently  smooth,  but 
from  that  portion  to  the  distal  end  it  is  ornamented  with  numerous 
small  points  or  incipient  spinules.  These  are  often  removed  by  weath- 
eriLg;  but  in  well-preserved  specimens  they  are  quite  distinct,  and  are 
seen  to  be  arranged  in  imperfectly  spiral  lines  around  the  spine. 

Position  and  locality. — Carboniferous  strata,  Camp  Apache,  Arizona. 

POLYZOA. 
Genus  GLAUCONOME  Goldfuss. 

GLAUCONOME  NERETDIS  (sp.  nov.) — Polyzoary  branching,  the  main 
stem  sending  off  branches  at  irregular  intervals,  these  in  like  manner 
sending  off  secondary  branches  less  frequently;  the  stem  and  all  branches 
bearing  branchlets  of  the  usual  character  in  regular  series  at  each  side, 
all  of  which  are  straight  or  a  little  curved;  branches  leaving  the  stem, 
and  branchlets  the  stem  and  branches,  at  nearly  or  quite  uniform 
angles  of  between  sixty  and  seventy  degrees  ;  branchlets  opposite  or 
irregularly  alternating,  the  intervals  between  them  being  a  little  greater 
than  the  diameter  of  the  branchlets  ;  non-poriferous  side  of  the  stem, 
branches,  and  branchlets  con  vex  and  marked  by  fine,  longitudinal  striae; 
poriferous  side  of  stem  and  branches  bearing  a  row  of  pores  along  each 
of  their  lateral  borders,  the  number  of  pores  being  about  twice  as  great 
as  that  of  the  branchlets,  but  they  are  not  placed  in  perfectly  regular 
order  with  them.  The  space  between  these  two  lateral  rows  of  pores  is 
convex,  and  marked  by  scattered,  dimorphous  pores,  which  are  riot  more 
than  half  as  large  as  those  of  the  lateral  rows.  Brauchlets  bearing  a 
row  of  pores  at  each  lateral  border  of  the  poriferous  side,  which  are  a 
trifle  smaller  than  the  lateral  pores  of  the  stems,  and  which,  having 
prominent  borders  to  their  apertures,  give  the  branchlets  a  somewhat 
knotted  appearance. 

There  is  considerable  difference  in  the  size  of  the  broken  stems  and 
branches  among  the  specimens ;  but  none  of  them,  not  even  the  longest 
fragment,  perceptibly  diminishes  in  size  toward  the  distal  end.  The 
largest  stem  is  about  half  a  millimeter  in  diameter,  and  the  smallest 
not  more  than  half  that  size. 

The  branchlets  are  from  one  to  three  millimeters  in  length. 

The  whole  extent  of  the  branching  of  a  polyzoary  of  this  species  is 
unknown.  The  branches  are  merely  excessively  developed  brancblets, 
each  occupying  the  place  of  one  of  them.  As  soon  as  a  branchlet 
reached  beyond  the  ends  of  those  upon  either  side  of  it,  it  began  to 
throw  off  branchlets  from  each  of  its  own  sides  and  became  a  branch. 
In  a  few  cases,  these  first  branchlets  of  the  new  branch  have  joined  with 
the  adjacent  branchlets  of  the  stem,  forming  a  few  irregular  fenestrules. 

This  species  differs  from  G.  trilineata  Meek  in  being  much  branched, 


19 

in  the  presence  of  dimorphous  pores  upon  the  axial  portion  of  the  porif- 
erous side  of  the  sterns  and  branches,  and  in  the  absence  of  the  three 
longitudinal,  raised  lines,  which  distinguish  that  species. 

Position  and  locality. — Carboniferous  strata  at  the  confluence  of  White 
Mountain  and  Black  Elvers,  Arizona. 

Genus  POLYPORA  McCoy. 

POLYPORA  STRAGULA  (sp.  nov.} — Poljzoary  apparently  flabelliform; 
longitudinal  branches  biftircating  with  more  or  less  irregularity  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  polyzoary;  dissepiments  little,  if  any,  more  than  half 
as  wide  as  the  branches ;  fenestrules  oval  or  oblong,  the  proportions  of 
length  and  width  varying  in  different  parts,  from  about  one-quarter 
longer  than  wide  to  twice  as  long  as  wide.  Poriferous  side  of  branches 
furnished  with  from  four  to  six  rows  of  small,  thick-set  pores  of  uniform 
size,  arranged  more  nearly  in  rows  obliquely  than  vertically.  Dissepi- 
ments bearing  a  couple  of  pores  near  their  junction  with  the  branches, 
and  rarely  one  or  two  others  along  their  middle  portion,  which  is  often 
slightly  ridged. 

Fenestrules  varying  in  size  in  different  parts  of  the  polyzoary,  but 
average  about  six  longitudinally  in  the  space  of  a  centimeter. 

This  species  occurs  in  the  Upper  Coal-Measures  of  Iowa,  Missouri,  and 
Nebraska,  and  is  the  one  referred  to  by  Dr.  Geiuitz,  (Carbonformat.  und 
Dyas  in  Net).)  to  Polypora  biarmica  Keyserling. 

Position  anfi  locality. — Carboniferous  strata,  confluence  of  White 
Mountain  and  Black  Eivers,  Arizona. 

BEACHIOPODA. 

Genus  CHONETES  Fischer. 

CHONETES  PLATYNOTA  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  rather  under  average  size, 
transversely  suboval  or  indistinctly  four-sided  ;  hinge-line  usually  about 
equal  to  the  greatest  width  of  the  shell,  often  slightly  exceeding  it,  and 
occasionally  shorter. 

Ventral  valve  moderately  convex,  flattened  a  little  toward  the  hinge- 
extremities,  without  a  proper  mesial  sinus,  but,  in  place  of  it,  there  is  a 
mesial  flattening  or  slight  bending-upward,  at  the  front  only,  which 
straightens  the  front  border  a  little ;  beak  not  prominent ;  area  of 
moderate  width  wider  than  that  of  the  dorsal  valve,  bearing  on  its  pos- 
terior margin  five  or  six  rather  small  oblique  tube-spines  upon  each 
side  of  the  beak. 

Dorsal  valve  almost  flat,  ofteuer  a  little  convex  than  concave,  especi- 
ally from  side  to  side  ;  mesial  fold  represented  only  in  adult  shells,  and 
in  them  merely  by  a  very  slight  elevation  of  the  front,  causing  its  mar- 
gin to  follow  that  of  the  ventral  valve  in.  a  gentle  sinuosity;  surface  of 
both  valves  marked  by  numerous  fine,  obscure,  radiating  strisB  and 
occasional  imbricating  lines  of  growth. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  others  by  its  flat  or  slightly 
convex  dorsal  valve. 

Length,  nine  millimeters  ;  width,  twelve  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  Carboniferous  period,  near  Santa 
Fe  and  near  Salt  Lake,  New  Mexico. 

Genus  EHYNCHONELLA  Fischer. 

EHYNCHONELLA  WASATCHENSIS  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  under  medium  size, 
sublenticular  or  snbglobose ;  valves  nearly  equally  convex ;  length 


20 

equal  to  or  slightly  greater  than  the  breadth;  antero-lateral  and 
front  margins  somewhat  regularly  rounded,  the  front  being  slightly 
straightened,  or  a  little  emarginate ;  postero-lateral  margins  converg- 
ing to  the  beaks  at  an  obtuse  angle. 

Dorsal  valve  broadly  convex  from  side  to  side ;  convexity  from  beak 
to  front  regular,  but  a  little  greater  than  the  transverse  ;  umbo  promi- 
nent ;  beak  strongly  incurved ;  mesial  fold  obsolete  or  entirely  wanting. 

Ventral  valve  strongly  and  somewhat  regularly  arching  from  beak  to 
front;  convexity  from  side  to  side  a  little  less  than  the  longitudinal, 
and  about  equal  to  the  transverse  convexity  of  the  other  valve  ;  beak 
somewhat  prominent  and  incurved  over  the  beak  of  the  dorsal  valve  ; 
mesial  sinus  obsolete  or  wanting. 

Surface  marked  by  a  few  obscure,  radiating  striae,  which  are  most 
conspicuous  near  the  median  line  of  each  valve.  Fine,  concentric  striae 
are  numerous ;  and  in  adult  shells  there  are  also  stoug  imbricating  lines 
of  growth  near  the  front  and  lateral  margins. 

Length,  fifteen  millimeters ;  width,  fourteen  millimeters ;  height, 
twelve  millimeters. 

This  shell  has  a  different  aspect  from  any  other  species  of  Eliynclio- 
nella  in  the  Carboniferous  rocks,  and  some  doubts  are  felt  as  to  its 
proper  reference  to  that  genus ;  but  the  broken  ventral  beak  shows  no 
other  characters  than  those  of  Rhynchonella,  and  the  shell-structure  is 
not  punctate  but  distinctly  fibrous. 

Position  and  locality. — Carboniferous  rocks,  Kock  Canon,  Wahsatch 
range  near  Provo,  Utah. 

RHYIXCHONELLA  METALLICA  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  rather  small,  depressed, 
or  moderately  inflated  when  adult,  transversely  suboval  in  outline ;  antero- 
lateral  borders  abruptly  rounded ;  front  broadly  rounded  and  scarcely 
emarginated;  postero-laterai  margins  straightened,  laterally  compressed, 
and  meeting  the  beaks  at  a  very  obtuse  angle. 

Dorsal  valve  more  capacious  than  the  ventral,  broadly  convex  from 
side  to  side,  a  little  flattened  near  the  beak,  abruptly  bent  downward 
at  the  margins ;  mesial  fold  broad,  not  much  elevated,  discernible  only 
on  the  anterior  part  of  the  valve. 

Ventral  valve  comparatively  shallow,  slightly  convex  from  side  to 
side,  and  the  same  also  from  the  urnbo  to  the  antero-lateral  margins; 
beak  small,  prominent,  and  incurved  over  that  of  the  dorsal  valve ; 
mesial  sinus  broad,  becoming  obsolete  near  the  middle  of  the  shell. 

Surface  marked  by  from  fourteen  to  sixteen  simple  angular  plica- 
tions upon  each  valve,  with  angular  interspaces  of  similar  width  between 
them,  all  of  which  are  continuous  to  the  beaks ;  about  four  of  these  are 
borne  in  the  mesial  sinus,  and  five  upon  the  mesial  fold. 

Length,  ten  millimeters;  breadth,  twelve  millimeters;  height,  seven 
millimeters. 

This  species  resembles  R.  Cooperensis  Shutnard  from  the  Subearbon- 
iferous  strata  of  Missouri,  but  differs  in  having  a  less  number  of  plica- 
tions, and  in  wanting  the  numerous  filiform,  radiating  striae  of  that 
shell. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  Carboniferous  period,  Old  Potosi 
mine,  Lincoln  County,  Nevada. 

Genus  SPIRIFER  Sowerby. 

SPIRTFER  (MARTINIA)  GLABER  var.  CONTRACT  A  Meek  and  Worthen. — 
The  collection  contains  specimens  from  Camp  Cottonwood,  Lincoln 
County,  Nevada,  that  I  am  unable  to  separate  from  the  above-named 


21 

species.  The  specimens  were  associated  with  the  characteristic  Carbon- 
iferous or  Coal-Measure  species,  while  the  type-specimens  of  Meek  and 
Worthen  were  obtained  from  the  Chester  limestone  of  the  Subcarbon- 
iferous  series  in  Illinois. 

Genus  SPIRIFERINA  d'Orbigny. 

SPIRIFERINA  SPINOSA  var.  CAMPESTRIS. — The  collection  contains 
specimens  of  a  species  of  Spiriferina  from  near  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico, 
and  Camp  Cotton  wood,  Lincoln  County,  Nevada,  that  correspond  in  all 
essential  respects  with  8.  spinosa  Norwood  and  Pratten,  except  that  the 
specimens  show  none  of  the  minute  spines  of  that  species.  These  speci- 
mens were  found  associated  with  species  that  are  characteristic  of  the 
Upper  Carboniferous  period,  while  theirs  were  collected  from  the  Chester 
limestone  of  Illinois  of  the  Subcarbouiferous  series.  It  seems  probable 
that  both  this  and  the  foregoing  species  survived  from  the  Subcarbon- 
iferous  to  the  Upper  Carboniferous  period,  with  comparatively  little 
change. 

Genus  DIELASMA  King. 

DIELASMA  ?  BOVIDENS  Morton  (sp.)  The  species,  so  widely  distri- 
buted in  the  Carboniferous  rocks  of  the  United  States,  and  so  widely- 
known  under  the  names  of  Terebratula  bovidens  Morton  and  T.  milli- 
punctata  Hall,  is  among  the  collections  associated  with  species  that  are 
its  common  associates  elsewhere.  It  is  found  to  possess  comparatively 
strong  dental  plates  extending  the  lull  length  of  the  ventral  beak,  and 
also  a  reflexed  loop  extending  farther  forward  than  the  middle  of  the 
shell.  The  exact  details  of  the  loop  have  not  yet  been  made  out ;  but  I 
have  at  present  but  little  doubt  that  the  shell  in  question  belongs  to 
genus  Dielasma  King. 

CONCHIFERA. 
Genus  AVIOULOPEOTEN  McCoy. 

AVICULOPECTEN  CoREYANA(*p.  nov.)— Shell  moderately  large;  width 
not  exceeding,  or  a  little  less  than,  the  height ;  margin  of  the  basal  half 
forming  almost  a  true  semicircle;  posterior  margin  thence  continued 
straight  and  parallel  with  the  axis  of  the  shell  about  half-way  to  the 
cardinal  margin,  then  curving  outward,  it  forms  with  the  last-named 
margin  a  somewhat  acute  angle.  Hinge-line  a  little  longer  than  the 
full  width  of  the  shell,  at  right  angles  with  its  vertical  axis,  projecting 
farther  backward  than  the  posterior  border,  but  not  reaching  quite  so 
far  forward  as  the  anterior  border. 

Left  valve  convex,  most  so  in  the  umboual  region  ;  beak  prominent, 
not  projecting  beyond  the  cardinal  border ;  posterior  ear  moderately 
large,  acutely  angular  at  the  outer  extremity,  not  distinctly  defined  from 
the  body  of  the  valve;  anterior  ear  defined  by  a  moderately  deep  byssal 
sinus  and  a  distinct  depression  running  from  it  to  the  beak,  not  so  prom- 
inent as  the  other ;  its  outer  border  rounding  downward  and  inward 
from  the  cardinal  border  into  the  byssal  sinus,  where  it  is  met  by  the 
incurving  anterior  border  of  the  body  of  the  valve. 

Surface  marked  by  numerous  fine,  radiating  costae  of  unequal  size, 
whjch  are  in  turn  marked  by  very  fine  radiating  stria3,  all  crossed  by 
fine,  concentric  lines  of  growth  and  occasional  coarser  lines  of  increment. 
Upon  the  posterior  ear,  the  radiating  costa3  are  obsolete ;  but  upon  the 


22 

anterior  ear,  they  are  coarser  than  those  of  the  body  of  the  valve,  and 
somewhat  corrugated.  Right  valve  unknown. 

The  specimens  are  all  broken  in  some  parts,  but  the  height,  anterio- 
posterior  breadth,  and  length  of  the  hinge-line  all  seein  to  be  about 
equal — about  six  centimeters  in  the  largest  example. 

This  shell  somewhat  resembles  A.  om"cfcttto£t$  Snumard,  but  differs  in 
its  greater  proportionate  width,  in  being  less  contracted  below  the  ears, 
its  less  distinctly  defined  posterior  ear,  its  finer  and  more  unequal  costie 
and  greater  size. 

Position  and  locality. — Carboniferous  strata,  east  of  Mount  Taylor, 
one  mile  south  of  Pajuate,  New  Mexico. 

Genus  MONOPTERIA  Meek  and  Worth  en. 

MONOPTERIA  MARIAN  (sp.  nov.} — Shell  nearly  or  quite  equivalve,. 
slender,  much  extended  posteriorly,  curved ;  curvature  greatest  in  the 
anterior  half  of  the  shell ;  posterior  half  nearly  straight ;  body  gradually 
tapering  to  near  the  posterior  end,  which  is  sharply  rounded  ;  a  more 
or  less  prominent  angle  is  sometimes,  in  part,  raised  as  a  distinct  ca- 
rina,  which  extends  along  the  middle  of  the  body  of  each  valve  from  the 
beak  to  the  posterior  end;  from  this  carina  or  angle  the  sides  slope 
abruptly  to  the  inferior  and  upper  borders,  so  that  a  section  of  the  shell 
behind  the  ear  would  give  a  rhomboid  outline.  Beaks  moderately  prom- 
inent, separate;  hinge  equal  in  length  to  about  half  the  full  length  of 
the  shell,  and  its  direction  nearly  parallel  with  the  posterior  half  of  the 
body;  posterior  wing  well  developed,  not  sharply  defined  from  the  body  ; 
cardinal  portion  moderately  extended  ;  anterior  ear  obsolete ;  lunule  mod- 
erately large  and  deep,  its  margins  sharply  rounded. 

Surf  ace  some  what  smooth  in  appsarance,  but  is  marked  by  very  numer- 
ous fine  lines  of  growth. 

Length  from  front  to  posterior  extremity,  four  centimeters  ;  height 
from  base  to  hinge-margin,  eighteen  millimeters ;  average  width  of  the 
body  of  the  shell,  about  one  centimeter. 

This  shell  is  related  to  M.  longispina  Cox  (sp.)  but  differs  from  that 
species  in  its  more  slender  and  less  deeply-curved  body,  and  in  having  a 
much  shorter  ear-spine  than  the  one  represented  in  the  figure  given  by 
Professor  Cox. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  Carboniferous  period,  Camp 
Apache,  Arizona. 

GASTEROPODA. 
Genus  MACROCHEILUS  Phillips. 

MACROCHEILUS  ANGTULIFERA  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  of  medium  size,  irreg- 
ularly rhombic  in  outline  by  side-view  ;  spire  about  equal  to  two-fifths 
the  full  height  of  the  shell,  acutely  pointed ;  volutions  six  or  seven, 
increasing  somew-hat  rapidly  in  size,  more  or  less  convex;  but  in  some 
cases  the  upper  part  of  their  sides  is  considerably  flattened,  and  the 
upper  portion  of  the  volution  squarely  truncated  to  the  suture,  forming 
a  distinct  angle  with  the  side.  In  other  cases,  the  angle  is  less  distinct ; 
but  it  is  perceptible  in  all,  and  in  all  the  suture  is  distinctly  impressed. 
When  the  angle  is  distinct,  there  is  a  well  developed  spiral  shelf  extend- 
ing from  the  upper  margin  of  the  aperture  to  the  apex.  Aperture 
irregularly  oval,  more  or  less  truncated  above  by  the  shelf  referred  to, 
effuse  below  ;  outer  lip  sharp ;  columella  a  little  tortuous,  or  nearly  on  a 


23 

line  with  the  axis  of  the  shell.  Surface  apparently  smooth,  except  the 
ordinary  lines  of  growth. 

Lecigth  of  the  largest  specimen,  thirty-six  millimeters  ;  width  of  last 
volution,  twenty -th»ee  millimeters. 

This  shell  differs  from  other  species  of  Macrocheilus  in  the  possession 
of  such  an  angle  as  has  been  described  at  the  upper  part  of  the  whorls. 

Position  and  locality. — Carboniferous  strata  at  Gamp  Cottonwood, 
Spring  Mountain  range,  Nevada. 

Genus  DENTALIUM  Linnaeus. 

DENTALIUM  CANNA  (sp.-nov.) — Shell  large,  thin,  straight  or  slightly 
curved ;  section  circular  or  nearly  so ;  surface  marked  by  numerous 
encircling  lines  of  growth  crossed  by  fine,  obscure,  longitudinal  striaB. 

Our  specimens  indicate  that  individuals  of  this  species  reached  a 
length  of  ten  or  twelve  centimeters.  The  largest  fragment  measures 
nine  millimeters  in  diameter  at  the  ftase,  and  at  a  distance  of  five  centi- 
meters toward  the  apex,  the  diameter  is  six  millimeters. 

The  great  size  of  this  species,  together  with  its  delicately- marked  sur- 
face, clearly  distinguishes  it. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  the  Carboniferous  period,  near  Salt 
Lake,  New  Mexico,  and  near  Relief  Spring,  Arizona. 

MESOZOIC. 
JURASSIC  PERIOD. 

CONCHIFERA. 
Genus  CAMPTONECTES  Agassiz. 

CAMPTONECTES  STYGIUS  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  of  medium  size,  thin,  lentic- 
ular ;  length  of  the  hinge-line  a  little  more  than  half  the  height  of  the  shell 
from  basal  margin  to  beak,  very  slightly  oblique  with  the  axis,  which 
inclines  a  little  posteriorly,  although  it  does  not  at  first  view  appear  to, 
because  a  trifle  more  than  one  half  the  width  of  the  shell  is  in  front  of  it ; 
the  margins  of  the  lower  two-thirds  regularly  rounded,  the  basal  portion 
having  rather  a  shorter  curve  than  either  the  anterior  or  posterior  por- 
tion. 

Right  valve  smooth,  depressed-convex;  posterior  ear  rather  small, 
plain,  its  outer  border  forming  a  somewhat  obtuse  angle  with  the  cardinal 
border;  anterior  ear  moderately  large,  prominent,  proportionally  nar- 
row, the  upper  and  lower  sides  approaching  each  other  at  an  acute  angle ; 
anterior  border  extending  farther  forward  than  the  extremity  of  the 
anterior  ear,  at  which  part  it  is  abruptly  rounded  and  then  continued 
backward  and  upward  almost  straight  to  the  bottom  of  the  byssal  notch. 

Surface  nearly  smooth,  but  concentric  lines  and  strire  of  growth  are 
visible,  and  in  a  favorable'  light  indications  of  radiating  costte  may  also 
be  observed. 

Height  from  base  to  beak,  forty-one  millimeters;  width,  forty  millime- 
ters ;  length  of  hinge-border,  twenty-three  millimeters. 

This  shell  resembles  C.  bellistriatus  Meek  aud  Hayden,  from  the  Juras- 
sic strata  of  Dakota,  but  it  differs  in  the  outline  of  the  borders,  the  shape 
of  the  ears  and  byssal  notch,  and  in  the  surface-markings. 

Position  and  locality. — "  Edge  of  the  bluff,  fifteen  to  twenty  miles  south 
of  Dirty  Devil  River,  and  upon  the  North  Fork  of  Virgin  River,  Utah." 
Rocks  of  Jurassic  age. 


24 
GASTEROPODA. 

Genus  NERITINA  Lamarck. 

» 

NERITINA  PHASEOLARIS  (sp.  nov.} — Shell  small,  obliquely  suboval ; 
volutions  apparently  from  two  and  a  half  to  three  and  a  half,  the  last 
one  composing  all  but  a  very  small  portion  of  the  whole  surface  in  sight; 
aperture  obliquely  ovate,  apparently  not  crenulated. 

In  some  specimens,  the  convexity  of  the  outer  volution,  from  the  base 
of  the  small  elevated  fold  which  is  appressed  against  the  spire,  to  the 
margin  of  the  aperture,  is  quite  regular,  but  in  others  this  volution  has  a 
revolving,  rounded  prominence,  a  little  nearer  to  the  suture  than  the 
base,  which  causes  a  more  or  less  conspicuous  flattening  at  its  side  as 
well  as  a  slighter  flattening  between  the  prominence  and  the  suture. 

Surface  marked  by  moderately  distinct  lines  of  growth,  and  sometimes 
faint  indications  of  revolving  striae  are  also  seen. 

Greatest  diameter  of  the  oval  outline  of  our  largest  specimen,  thirteen 
millimeters ;  shorter  diameter,  ten  millimeters ;  greatest  height,  lying 
with  its  aperture  downward  upon  a  table,  eight  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  Jurassic  age,  Salt  Greek,  near  Nephi, 
Utah,  where  it  is  associated  with  Pentacrinus  asteriscus  Meek  and  Hay- 
den. 

Genus  ANCHUBA  Conrad. 

ANCHURA  NUPTIALIS  (sp.nov.) — Shell  small;  body  subfusiform  ;  spire 
moderately  prominent,  acute,  nearly  or  wholly  iucrusted  by  callus,  so 
that  the  volutions  are  obscurely  seen  except  where  the  callus  is  exfoli- 
ated: volutions  about  seven;  revolving  angle  obscure  upon  the  volutions 
of  the  spire,  even  when  bared  by  exfoliation  of  the  callus,  but  is  more 
distinct  upon  the  body-whorl,  and  ends  in  a  slender,  falciform  prolonga- 
tion of  the  lip.  This  prolongation  diverges  widely  from  the  axis  of  the 
shell,  but  reaches  nearly  as  far  backward  as  the  apex  of  the  spire  ;  ante- 
rior border  of  the  lip  with  a  prominent,  rounded  lobe,  placed  just  forward 
of  the  base  of  the  falciform  process,  and  which  is  about  as  wide  as  that 
process  is  at  its  base ;  from  this  lobe,  the  border  of  the  lip  passes  for- 
ward with  a  concave  curve  to  the  base  of,  and  ends  in,  the  long,  slender, 
anterior  canal.  Aperture  unknown. 

Length  from  the  apex  of  the  spire  to  the  end  of  the  anterior  canal, 
twenty  millimeters;  width,  measuring  across  from  the  base  of  the 
falciform  process  of  the  lip,  nine  millimeters  ;  spire,  falciform  process, 
and  anterior  canal,  each  about  seven  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  probably  of  .Jurassic  age,  fifty  miles 
north  of  Camp  Apache,  and  five  miles  west  of  Mineral  Spring,  Arizona. 

CRETACEOUS  PERIOD. 

CONCHIFEEA. 
Genus  PINNA  Linnaeus. 

PINNA  PETRINA  (sp.  nov.} — Shell  moderately  large,  broad,  rather  thick 
for  a  species  of  this  genus,  rapidly  expanding  in  height  as  it  increases  in 
length  ;  dorsal  margin  concave ;  ventral  margin  convex  ;  a  more  or  less 


25 

strongly-raised  carina  extending  from  the  break  to  the  posterior  margin, 
defining  a  prominent  longitudinal  angle  along  the  median  portion  of 
each  valve,  a  little  nearer  the  ventral  than  the  dorsal  border ;  section 
rhomboidal,  the  sides  of  the  rhomb  being  slightly  convex ;  posterior 
margin  oblique  with  the  axis  of  the  shell,  forming  a  distinct  but  obtuse 
angle  with  the  dorsal  margin.  The  acute  angle,  which  it  would  form 
with  the  ventral  margin  if  it  continued  its  direct  course,  is  abruptly 
rounded. 

Surface  marked  by  strong,  distinct  lines  of  growth,  which  run  obliquely 
downward  and  backward  in  a  nearly  direct  course  from  the  dorsal 
margin,  across  the  mesial  angle,  to  near  the  ventral  margin,  where  they 
are  abruptly  flexed  forward,  and  blend  with  the  ventral  border.  Gross- 
ing the  lines  of  growth  upon  the  surface  above  the  mesial  angle,  there 
are  coarse  but  indistinct  radiating  striae  and  occasionally  still  more 
indistinct  traces  of  similar  ones  below  that  angle,  all  of  which  are  more 
discernible  upon  the  anterior  than  upon  the  posterior  part  of  the  shell. 

Some  of  the  largest  specimens  measure  seven  and  a  half  centimeters 
in  width  along  the  posterior  margin,  and  they  must  have  been  not  less 
than  seventeen  centimeters  in  length  when  entire. 

The  large  size,  proportionally  great  width,  and  angular  aspect  of  this 
shell  distinguish  it  from  any  other  likely  to  be  confounded  with  it. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  Cretaceous  age,  east  of  Mount  Taylor, 
one  mile  south  of  Pajuate,  New  Mexico. 

Genus  CAMPTONECTES  Agassiz. 

CAMPTONECTES  PLATESSA  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  thin,  suborbicular  in  out- 
line; hinge-line  equaling  in  length  about  one-balf  of  the  transverse 
diameter  of  the  valves ;  ears  sharply  defined ;  posterior  ear  short,  flat, 
its  outer  margin  slightly  concave;  anterior  ear  moderately  large,  marked 
by  radiating  striae  and  concentric  lines  of  growth. 

The  anterior  ear  of  the  right  valve  separated  from  the  body -portion 
by  a  deep,  rather  narrow,  and  somewhat  angular  sinus,  which  is  about 
one-half  as  deep  as  the  length  of  the  ear  from  its  outer  extremity  to  the 
beak. 

Radiating  striae  fine,  distinct,  increasing  in  number  so  rapidly  that 
the  direction  of  the  outer  ends  of  those  behind  the  middle  of  the  shell 
is  transverse,  and  farther  posteriorly  they  are  even  distinctly  recurving ; 
the  radiating  striae  crossed  by  fine,  concentric  striae,  and  occasionally  by 
more  distinct  lines  of  growth. 

Height  and  length,  each  about  forty-five  millimeters. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  Cretaceous  age,  fifty  miles  jiorth  of 
Camp  Apache,  and  five  miles  west  of  Mineral  Spring,  Arizona. 

Genus  INOCERAMUS  Sowerby. 

INOCERAMUS  DIMIDIUS  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  very  small,  thin,  inflated, 
sometimes  much  so,  obliquely  subovate  in  outline ;  valves  subequal, 
the  left  one  being  somewhat  more  capacious  than  the  right;  beaks  small, 
prominent,  acute,  incurving,  and  pointing  a  very  little  forward;  hinge- 
line  straight  or  nearly  so,  rather  short. 

Surface  marked  by  more  or  less  regular  and  more  or  less  strong 
folds  or  undulations,  which  in  some  cases  exist  on  only  the  upper  por- 
tion of  the  shell,  the  remainder  being  smooth  or  marked  only  by  fine, 
concentric  lines  of  growth.  This  cessation  of,  or  irregularity  in,  the 
formation  of  the  concentric  folds  was  sometimes  connected  with  con- 
siderable distortion  of  the  usual  symmetry  of  the  shell. 
3  IF 


26 

Greatest  length  of  a  fair  average  specimen,  from  the  umbo  to  the 
postero-ventral  margin,  twenty-six  millimeters ;  thickness,  sixteen  mil- 
limeters. 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  others  of  the  genus  by  its  small  size, 
prominent,  pointed  beaks,  and  subequal  valves.  From  the  young  of  I. 
problematicus,  it  is  distinguished  by  the  usual  characteristics  of  mature 
growth. 

Position  and  locality. — Strata  of  Cretaceous  age,  Ojo  del  Pescado,  New 
Mexico. 

Genus  LEIOPISTHA  Meek. 
Subgenus  Psilomya  Meek. 

LEIOPISTHA  (PSILOMYA)  MEEKII  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  short,  much  inflated; 
umbones  large,  elevated;  beaks  small,  strongly  curved  inward  and  down- 
ward, and  very  slightly  turned  forward ;  posterior  portion  moderately 
produced,  somewhat  compressed  laterally;  the  free  margins  forming  a 
regular  but  unequally  convex  curve,  the  greatest  convexity  being  in 
front,  and  the  least  along  the  base  ;  upper  portion  of  the  posterior  bor- 
der obliquely  truncated,  so  that  the  greatest  posterior  extension  of  the 
shell  is  a  little  below  the  hinge-extremity. 

Surface  smooth  in  general  aspect,  but  it  is  marked  by  fine-concentric 
lines  of  growth.  Under  a  lens,  very  fine,  obscure,  radiating  stria3  are 
seen  upon  a  little  more  than  the  anterior  half  of  the  shell;  and  upon  the 
remainder  of  the  surface,  except  a  small  portion  adjoining  the  posterior 
cardinal  border,  there  are  small,  somewhat  distant,  radiating  striae, 
easily  seen  by  the  unassisted  eye.  Upon  these  striae,  both  the  distinct 
and  obscure,  the  lens  shows  numerous  minute  punctures,  placed  at 
irregular  intervals,  which  are  the  bases  of  minute,  short,  blunt  spines, 
or  mark  the  places  from  which  they  have  been  removed. 

Length,  twenty-five  millimeters;  height,  from  base  to  umbo,  twenty 
millimeters ;  greatest  thickness,  both  valves  together,  sixteen  millime- 
ters. 

This  shell  seems  to  be  more  nearly  related  to  L.  globosa  (=Poromya 
globosa  Forbes,)  than  to  any  other  described  species.  Compared  with 
that  species,  as  figured  and  described  by  Stoliczska  (Cretaceous  Fauna 
of  Southern  India,  volume  III,  page  47,  plate  III,  fig.  8;  and  plate  XVI, 
fig.  16),  this  specimen  differs  in  being  less  globular,  in  having  the 
.  umbones  more  elevated,  and  in  the  more  distinct,  radiating  striae  upon  the 
posterior  half  of  each  valve. 

This  species  belongs  to  an  interesting  group  of  shells,  embraced  within 
the  family  Anatinidce,  which  Mr.  F.  B.  Meek  has  defined  under  the 
generic  name  of  Leiopistha,  of  which  genus  he  regards  the  Cardium 
elegantulum  of  Eoemer  as  the  type.  He  has  also  divided  the  genus  into 
three  sections  or  subgenera,  under  the  names  of  Leiopistha  proper,  Cy- 
mella, ,  and  Psilomya  (the  latter  yet  in  manuscript).  The  species  here 
described  is  regarded  as  a  typical  one  of  the  last-named  subgenus.  The 
completeness  and  precision  with  which  that  distinguished  paleontolo- 
gist has  done  the  work  upon  this  group  of  shells  reflect  great  credit 
upon  the  science,  and  it  affords  me  pleasure  to  name  this  species  in 
his  honor. 

Position  and  locality.— -Strata  of  Cretaceous  age,  southeast  of  Paria, 
Utah. 


27 
GASTEEOPODA. 

Genus  CASSIOPE  Coquand. 

CASSIOPE  WHITFIELDI  (sp.  nov.) — Shell  large,  elongat-econical,  um- 
bilicate ;  volutions  apparently  about  twelve,  prominent,  and  promi- 
nently angular  below  the  middle  of  the  visible  portion,  slightly  con- 
cave from  the  prominent  revolving  angle  to  the  suture  below,  also 
very  slightly  and  somewhat  irregularly  concave  from  that  angle  to  the 
suture  above.  A  little  below  the  suture  there  is  a  rather  small,  shallow 
furrow,  with  its  borders,-  above  and  below,  raised  into  more  or  less  dis- 
tinct, revolving  ridges. 

Upon  the  under  side  of  the  last  volution,  which  is  rather  strongly 
convex,  there  are  three  small  revolving  ridges,  one  of  them  bounding 
the  umbilicus,  the  other  two  near  each  other  above  the  middle  of  the 
space  and  continuous  to  the  apex  of  the  shell.  It  is  between  the  two 
last-named  ridges  that  the  upper  edge  of  each  succeeding  volution  joins 
the  preceding  one.  Umbilicus  moderately  large  and  deep ;  aperture 
subovate  in  outline ;  outer  lip  sinuate,  having  a  broad,  shallow  notch 
above  its  middle,  projecting  and  rounded  abruptly  into  the  umbilicus 
below. 

Surface  marked  by  more  or  less  strong,  undulating  lines  of  growth, 
fine,  revolving  lines  absent  or  obscure. 

Diameter  of  the  last  volution  of  our  largest  specimen,  nearly  four  and 
a  half  centimeters  ;  the  full  height  of  the  same,  when  entire,  must  have 
been  not  far  from  eleven  centimeters. 

This  shell  more  nearly  resembles  Turretella  Mortoni  Conrad  in  general 
aspect  than  any  other  described  species ;  but  the  presence  of  an  umbil- 
icus separates  it  generically  from  that  shell. 

Dedicated  to  Mr.  E.  P.  Whitfield,  the  accomplished  palaeontologist  of 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

Position  and  locality. — Cretaceous  strata,  at  the  head  of  Le  Verken 
Creek,  and  also  in  Pace's  Canon,  Utah. 


FOURTEEN  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 


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